Write a critical appraisal that demonstrates comprehension of two qualitative research studies. Use the \”Research Critique Guidelines – Part 1\” document to organize your essay. Successful completion of this assignment requires that you provide rationale, include examples, and reference content from the studies in your responses.

Article 1.

“Bloom, L., Boyle, K. E., Myers, A. E., Blacketer, C., & Weinstein, R. (2019). Frequency of nonaspirin NSAID-relevant coexisting medical conditions in the primary-care setting: A retrospective database review. Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management, 15, 579-588. doi: 10.2147/tcrm.s189833”

Summary

Bloom et al. (2019) present the results of a retrospective database review to determine how coexisting medical conditions and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) influence treatment modalities as noted in primary care practices. The retrospective approach collected data from the claim databases of three medical facilities with a focus on patients either 18 years of age or older. The data was collected for the period covering 2013. The focus was on non-aspirin NSAID-relevant coexisting medical conditions of interest (CMCOI), asthma, cardiovascular risk factors, gastrointestinal bleeding risk factors, and renal insufficiency. Statistical analysis of the collected data determined that patients with musculoskeletal diagnosis reported a significantly higher risk of treatment challenges when compared to their counterparts without musculoskeletal diagnosis. Similarly, age was noted to influence treatment challenges, with an increase in age being matched by an increase in the occurrence of treatment challenges. The reported results indicate that non-aspirin NSAID-relevant CMCOI and age are useful statistical for use among primary care professionals with regards to predicting the occurrence of treatment challenges. In fact, the results show that even as patients advance in age, their medical conditions change and their reactions to different medications also change. Using the information, primary care professionals can identify patients at high risk and offer them guidance on how their age, health status, concomitant conditions, and medication influence treatment modalities (Bloom et al., 2019).

Using findings in nursing practice

The findings from Bloom et al. (2019) are useful to nursing personnel who act as primary care professionals. That is because NSAIDs are a common medication that are typically prescribed or recommended for almost all medical conditions. Although commonly used, NSAIDs are associated with substantial side effects and complications for a particular demographic of patients. Despite the labels for NSAIDs listing these side effects and complications, patients and medical personnel would often overlook them thereby presenting opportunities for them to occur with potentially fatal effects. Through identifying this demographic of patients, nurses are able to anticipate the care complications and offer appropriate advice on how to either address or prevent the complications. Besides that, they can use their position as primary care professionals to reinforce the importance of the advice contains in the labels as instructions and not simply suggestions. Overall, the findings allow nursing practice to contribute towards the safe use of NSAIDs as well as improving care outcomes through anticipating and addressing treatment challenges.

Ethical considerations for the study

Bloom et al. (2019) does not mention how ethical concerns were addressed in the study. However, there is a need to address the ethical aspects of retrospective database review studies, especially with regards to the primary concern of issues pertaining to confidentiality and informed consent. Besides that, the study received approval from The New England Institutional Review Board (NEIRB, 12–284), specifying that the study did not meet the definition of human-subject research thus not requiring its approval. Qualitative and quantitative research critique and ethical considerations and Literature Evaluation Table

The study is based on information that is already available as medical records with the researcher only required to retrieve the information. This is an indication that the ethical concern about confidentiality and informed concern is an inherent concern since the researchers do not have direct contact with patients. The concern is further highlighted by the fact that medical records are not collected with the explicit intention of informing research studies. As such, there is no a-priori informed consent for the records to be used in research studies. In essence, using the records is ethically questionable since confidential information is accessed and could be misused thereby jeopardizing the relationship between patients and doctors. This is particularly true when sensitive data is accessed by persons not bound by patient-doctor confidentiality, leading to unwanted disclosure that would distress and cause difficulties for the patient. Given the nature of medical records and the difficulty in getting informed consent from patie